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Until the Modern Era[?], Latin was the common language for scholarship and mapmaking. During the 19th and 20th centuries, German scholars in particular have made significant contributions to the study of historical place names, or Ortsnamenkunde. These studies have, in turn, contributed to the study of Genealogy. For genealogists and historians of pre-Modern Europe, knowing alternate names of places is vital to extracting information from both public and private records. Even specialists in this field point out, however, that the information can be easily taken out of context, since there is a great deal of repetition of place-names throughout Europe; reliance purely on apparent connections should therefore be tempered with valid historical methodology.
One caveat that must be observed, however, is that even Latin place-names are not always exclusive to one place -- for example, there were several Roman cities whose names began with Colonia and then a more descriptive term. During the Middle Ages, these were often shortened to just Colonia. One of these, Colonia Agrippinensis, retains the name today in the form of Cologne.
The following table begins to offer equivalents to more modern place-names.
- Suggest adding other languages to table
Following is a List of Cities stating the Latin and equivalent English name (s)
| Latin | English Name, [(other name(s))] or [older name(s)], [province], [state] |
|---|
| Acaunum | Saint-Maurice[?], Valais, Switzerland |
| Urbs Aqvensis | Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) |
| Ad Fines | Pfyn[?], Thurgau[?], Switzerland |
| Ad Mediam | Băile Herculane, Romania |
| Ad Pirum | Hrušica[?] |
| Ad Mediam | Mehadia[?],Romania |
| Aegida, Capris, Caput Histriae | Koper[?], Slovenia |
| Agrippina Romanorum | Cologne (Köln), Germany |
| Albintimilium | Ventimiglia[?] |
| Albona | Labin[?] |
| Alostum | Aalst |
| Amivadum | Amersfoort |
| Ammurianum | Murano, Italy |
| Ancyra | Ankara, Turkey |
| Anderlacum | Anderlecht, Belgium |
| Andernachensis | Andernach[?] |
| Apuania | Massa Carrara |
| Apulum | Alba Iulia[?], Romania |
| Aqua Sulis | Bath |
| Aqua Villae | Badenweiler, Germany |
| Aquae Helveticae | Baden, Aargau, Switzerland |
| Aquincum | Budapest, Hungary |
| Arbor Felix | Arbon[?], Thurgau[?], Switzerland |
| Arconisium | Racconigi[?] |
| Ardea | Ardea[?] |
| Ardotalia | Gamesley near Glossop |
| Arelate | Arles |
| Arenacum | Arnhem, Netherlands |
| Argentoratum | Strasbourg, France |
| Ariminum | Rimini, Italy |
| Assindria | Essen |
| Asturica Augusta | Astorga |
| Aternum | Pescara[?], Italy |
| Atrans | Trojane[?], Slovenia |
| Atrebatum | Arras |
| Augusta | Augusta[?] |
| Augusta Argentorate | Strasbourg |
| Augusta Perusia | Perugia, Italy |
| Augusta Praetoria Salassorum | Aosta[?], Italy |
| Augusta Raurica | Kaiseraugst[?] (Augst[?]), Switzerland |
| Augusta Taurinorum | Turin, Italy |
| Augusta Treverorum | Trier (Treves) |
| Augusta Vindelicorum | Augsburg, Germany |
| Aurelia | Orléans |
| Aventicum | Avenches[?], Vaud[?], Switzerland |
| Badensis | Baden, Germany |
| Baetulo | Badalona |
| Barcino | Barcelona, Spain |
| Basilia | Basel, Basel-City, Switzerland |
| Benacus | Garda[?] |
| Beneventum | Benevento |
| Berolinensis | Berlin, Germany |
| Berytus | Beirut (Bayrut), Lebanon |
| Bremensis | Bremen, Germany |
| Brigantium | Bregenz, Austria |
| Brundisium | Brindisi[?] |
| Boreana | Burano |
| Brixia | Brescia[?], Italy |
| Burdigala | Bordeaux, France |
| Byzantium | Istanbul(Constantinople), Turkey |
| Caesar Augusta | Saragossa |
| Calatis | Mangalia[?], Romania |
| Calcaria | Tadcaster[?] |
| Calisia | Kalisz, Poland |
| Camulodunum | Colchester, United Kingdom |
| Cantabria | Cambridge |
| Carnium, Carnioburgum | Kranj[?], Slovenia |
| Carthago Nova | Cartagena |
| Castra | Ajdovščina, Slovenia |
| Castra Regina | Regensburg, Germany |
| Celeia | Celje, Slovenia |
| Centum Cellae | Civitavecchia[?] |
| Civitas Sancti Romuli | Sanremo[?], Sancti Remi, San Remu, San Remo |
| Clagenfurtum | Klagenfurt (Celovec), Austria |
| Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensis | Cologne (Köln) |
| Colonia Ulpia Traiana, Sarmizegethusa | Ulpia Traiana[?], Romania |
| Confluentia | Koblenz, Aargau, Switzerland |
| Constantinopel | Istanbul, Byzantium |
| Corduba | Cordóba |
| Costanc | Constance |
| Cracoviensis | Krakow, Poland |
| Curia | Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland |
| Deva | Chester, United Kingdom |
| Dierna | Orsova[?], Romania |
| Drobeta | Drobeta Turnu Severin[?], Romania |
| Dubris | Dover |
| Durovernum Cantiacorum | Canterbury, United Kingdom |
| Dyrrhachium | Durrës[?] |
| Eboracum | York |
| Eburodunum | Yverdon-les-Bains[?], Vaud[?], Switzerland |
| Eindovia | Eindhoven, Netherlands |
| Elbingensis | Elbląg, formerly known as Elbing, Poland |
| Embdensis | Emden |
| Emerita Augusta | Mérida |
| Emona, Aemona, Labacum | Ljubljana, Slovenia |
| Erffordensis | Erfurt |
| Firmum (Picenum) | Fermo[?] |
| Flanona | Plomin[?] |
| Florentia | Firenze (Florence), Italy |
| Flumen | Rijeka[?], Fiume, Terra Sancti Viti, Croatia |
| Formio | Rižana[?] |
| Francofurtensis | Frankfurt am Main, Germany |
| Gades | Cadiz |
| Gedanensis | Gdansk, Danzig |
| Genava | Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland |
| Genoa | Genova, Italy |
| Glevum Colonia | Gloucester, United Kingdom |
| Goslariensis | Goslar |
| Hafnia | Copenhagen (Kĝbenhavn) |
| Hale Suevice | Hall in Schwaben[?] |
| Hamburgensis | Hamburg (Hammaburg), Germany |
| Ilerda | Lleida |
| Interamna | Terni (Nahars) |
| Isca | Exeter |
| Isca Silurium | Caerleon |
| Juenna | Podjuna[?] |
| Juvavum | Salzburg, Austria |
| Lauriacum | Lorch[?], Germany |
| Lentia | Linz, Austria
| | Lindum Colonia | Lincoln, England |
| Lithopolis | Kamnik[?], Slovenia |
| Londinium | London, United Kingdom |
| Longatico, Longaticum | Logatec[?], Slovenia |
| Lousonna | Lausanne, Vaud[?], Switzerland |
| Lubicensis | Luebeck, Lubeke[?] |
| Lugdunum | Lyon, France |
| Lupiae | Lecce[?], Italy |
| Lutetia | Paris, France |
| Magdeburgensis | Magdeburg |
| Mamucium | Manchester, United Kingdom |
| Marburgum | Maribor, Slovenia |
| Massilia | Marseilles, France |
| Mediolanum | Milan (Milano), Italy |
| Misnensis | Meissen |
| Moguncia, Moguntia, Mogontiacum | Mainz |
| Mosa Traiectum | Maastricht, Netherlands |
| Mutina | Modena, Italy] |
| Naissus | Niš |
| Napoca | Cluj-Napoca, Romania |
| Narbo | Narbonne |
| Nauportus | Vrhnika[?], Slovenia |
| Neapolis | Naples (Napoli), Italy |
| Neapolis-Aemonia | Novigrad[?], Croatia |
| Nemausus | Nîmes, France |
| Nesactium | Visače[?] |
| Neviodunum | Drnovo[?], Slovenia |
| Noreia | Neumarkt[?], Austria |
| Norimbergensis | Nuremberg, Germany |
| Noviomagus, Noviomagensis | Nijmegen, Noyon |
| Noviodunum (Colonia Iulia Equestris) | Nyon[?], Vaud[?], Switzerland |
| Novio Rito | Niort[?] |
| Octodurum | Martigny[?], Valais, Switzerland |
| Odessus | Varna |
| Oenipons | Innsbruck, Austria |
| Olisipio | Lisbon (Lisboa) |
| Ovilava | Wels, Austria |
| Oxonia | Oxford, United Kingdom |
| Panormus | Palermo, Italy |
| Parentium | Poreč[?], Croatia |
| Patavium | Padua (Padova), Italy |
| Petina | Pićan[?] |
| Piquentum | Buzet[?], Croatia |
| Pisaurum | Pesaro[?], Italy |
| Placentia | Piacenza, Italy |
| Poetovio | Ptuj[?], Slovenia |
| Pola | Pula[?], Croatia |
| Portus Naonis | Pordenone[?] |
| Potaissa | Turda[?], Romania |
| Pyrrhanum | Piran[?], Slovenia |
| Ragusa | Dubrovnik, Croatia |
| Rhegium | Reggio di Calabria |
| Rigensis | Riga, Latvia |
| Ratisbon | Regensburg |
| Rocium | Roč |
| Roma | Rome, Italy |
| Rotomagus | Rouen |
| Sablones | Venlo |
| Salmantica | Salamanca |
| Samarobriva | Amiens, France |
| Saresberia/Serviodunum | Salisbury, England |
| Scodra | Shkodër[?] |
| Serdica | Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Silva Ducis | 's-Hertogenbosch/Den Bosch |
| Singidunum | Belgrade (Beograd), Yugoslavia |
| Sipontum | Manfredonia[?] |
| Sirmium | Sremska Mitrovica[?] |
| Solodurum/Salodurum | Solothurn, Switzerland |
| Stabiae | Castellammare di Stabia[?] |
| Tarraco | Tarragona |
| Tergestum | Trieste (Trst), Italy |
| Tifernum Tiberinum | [[Citt`a di Castello]] |
| Toletum | Toledo, Spain |
| Tolosa | Toulouse, France |
| Tomis | Constanta[?], Romania |
| Tornacum | Tournai, Doornik |
| Traiectum | Utrecht, Netherlands |
| Traiectum ad Mosam | Maastricht |
| Trapezus | Trabzon, Trebizond |
| Tridentum | Trento, Italy |
| Turicum | Zurich, Switzerland |
| Turonensis | Tours, France |
| Tremoniensis | Dortmund, Germany |
| Urba | Orbe[?], Vaud[?], Switzerland |
| Varadinum | Oradea[?], Romania |
| Varsovia | Warsaw, Poland |
| Veldidena | Wilten[?], Austria |
| Velitrae | Velletri[?] |
| Venta Belgarum | Winchester, United Kingdom |
| Venusia | Venosa[?] |
| Verulamium | St. Alban's[?], United Kingdom |
| Vesontio | Besançon |
| Vibiscum | Vevey[?], Vaud[?], Switzerland |
| Vindobona | Vienna, Austria |
| Vindonissa | Windisch[?], Aargau, Switzerland |
| Vitudurum | Winterthur[?], Zurich, Switzerland |
| Viroconium | Wroxeter[?] |
| Virunum | Maria Saal[?] (Gospa Sveta), Austria |
| Volsinium | Bolsena[?] |
partial list
See also:
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